Occasional forgetfulness is a normal part of aging, but ongoing changes in memory, thinking, language, problem-solving, or everyday functioning may warrant further evaluation. Cognitive changes can result from many different causes—including Alzheimer's disease, other forms of dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), stroke, traumatic brain injury, medications, sleep disorders, depression, anxiety, or other medical conditions.
A comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation helps identify the underlying cause of these changes so patients, families, and healthcare providers can make informed decisions about treatment, support, and future planning.